Artificial intelligence - Brief Introduction

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The field of artificial intelligence attempts not just to understands but also, to build intelligent entities. Currently Artificial intelligence covering a huge variety of sub-fields from general to the specific. Such as, playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, writing poetry, driving a car on a crowded street, and diagnosing diseases. Definitions of Artificial intelligence by four different approach. All four approaches to AI are followed by different people with different methods. #1. Thinking Humanly -  The exciting new effort to make computers to think machines with minds in the full and literal sense. #2. Acting Humanly -  The art of creating machines the perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people. #3. Thinking Rationally -  The study of computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act. #4. Acting Rationally - Computational intelligence is the study of the design of intelligent agents. I...
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Theory of Machines

Theory of machine : Mechanism | kinematics of mechanism | kinetics of mechanism


Introduction – Theory of machine is the branch of engineering science which deals with the study of motion between parts of machine, and forces which act on them.

Classification of theory of machine



Theory of machines sub divided into following four branches :
mechanical linkages
Sub-division of theory of machines

  1. Kinematics - kinematics is the branch of theory of machine which deals with the study the motion of bodies without reference to the forces which are responsible for motion. In other words, we can also say that kinematics relates the motion  variables ( displacement, velocity,  acceleration) with time.
  2. Kinetics - kinetics is the branch of theory of machine which is responsible to relate the action of forces on bodies to their resulting motion.
  3. Dynamics - Dynamics is the branch of theory of machine which deals with the forces and their effects, during acting upon machine parts in motion.
  4. Statics - Statics is the branch of theory of machine which deals with the forces and their effects, while the machine parts are rest.

Mechanism 


Mechanism is a combination of rigid bodies which are connected together for performing some functions such as transforming one motion into other.
                                               If the device (a mechanism) also transmits substantial forces then it is called a machine. which means that all machines are mechanisms.
If forces are associated with the conversion of the energy of high temperature fluids such as steam or gas, to shaft power then its total combination of bodies is called as engine.
kinematic mechanism
Gear Mechanism

 For an example, here is given a figure of gear mechanism which is showing arrangement of gears for performing a specified output.
  • Kinematics ensures the functionality of the mechanism.
  • Dynamics also verify that the parts can withstand the induced forces.
  • Dynamics is the study of forces on the system in motion.
  • Kinematics is only related to geometrical aspects of motion, means motion described by position and its time derivatives.
  • Synthesis means design of a mechanism while analysis means once its design confirms then it analyse its performance for which it is designed.

According to German kinematician Franz Reuleaux, The assembly of todays machines are involves following six basic mechanical components :

  • Crank 
  • The  wheel (including gears )
  • The cam, in its many forms
  • The screw for communicating and force
  • Ratchets ( the intermittent motion devices )
  • The tension – compression parts having one way rigidity as belts (chains) and hydraulic lines.

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